Pick your subject to see which SajResearch tool and which tests fit the research done there, with example data you can try in one click.
MBA, BBA, MS Management, HRM, Marketing
Questionnaire studies of how one thing affects another, often with a mediator or moderator.
BS/MS CS, IT, SE, Information Systems
User acceptance of a system (TAM, UTAUT), usability testing (SUS), comparing two designs or two algorithms.
BS/MS Economics, Finance, Accounting
Secondary data from annual reports, World Bank or SBP: firm-years or country-years.
B.Ed, M.Ed, MPhil/PhD Education
Pre-test and post-test experiments, comparing teaching methods, teacher and student attitude surveys.
A Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that scores were significantly higher for the post-test (Mdn = 62.50) than for the pre-test (Mdn = 52.00), z = −5.99, p < .001, r = .77 (large effect).
From the synthetic example dataset. Your own numbers will differ.
BS/MS Psychology, Applied Psychology
Scales of stress, anxiety, wellbeing or personality, compared across groups or related to each other.
A Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant difference in stress across years of study, H(3) = 25.63, p < .001, η²H = .263. Dunn’s post hoc tests (Bonferroni adjusted) showed that first-year students differed from third-year (adjusted p = .029) and fourth-year students (adjusted p < .001).
From the synthetic example dataset. Your own numbers will differ.
BS/MS Sociology, Social Work, Gender Studies
Community surveys with categories (urban/rural, education level, opinion), plus interviews.
A chi-square test of independence showed a significant association between area and opinion on women’s education, χ²(2, N = 150) = 15.44, p < .001, V = .321.
From the synthetic example dataset. Your own numbers will differ.
BS/MS Biology, Botany, Zoology, Agriculture
Field and lab experiments: treatments, doses, varieties, and whether two factors work together.
A two-way ANOVA showed significant main effects of fertilizer, F(2, 42) = 24.73, p < .001, partial η² = .541, and watering, F(1, 42) = 46.04, p < .001, partial η² = .523, and a significant fertilizer × watering interaction, F(2, 42) = 12.86, p < .001, partial η² = .380.
From the synthetic example dataset. Your own numbers will differ.
BSN, MPH, DPT, Pharm-D, Nutrition
Knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) surveys, patient outcomes before and after an intervention.
BS/MS Statistics, Mathematics
Applied projects that need a quick, checked result: tests, regression, and their assumptions.
BS/MS Physics, Chemistry, Environmental Science
Lab readings, repeated measurements, and comparing samples or sites.
BS/MS English, Linguistics, Urdu
Learner attitude surveys, teaching experiments, and interviews with teachers or students.
BS/MS Islamic Studies, Arabic
Surveys of religious practice or awareness, and interviews with scholars or students.
BS/MS Political Science, IR, Media Studies
Opinion surveys, media use surveys, and interviews with experts.
No department matched. Try a shorter word, or email us your department and topic and we will tell you which test to use.
Start from your question. If your scores are not normal (Shapiro–Wilk p < .05 in the Descriptives table) or a group has fewer than about 15 people, use the rank-based test in the third column.
| Your question | Scores roughly normal | Not normal, ranks or small groups |
|---|---|---|
| Do two groups differ? (male vs female, method A vs B) | Independent-samples t-test | Mann–Whitney U test |
| Did the same people change? (pre-test vs post-test) | Paired-samples t-test | Wilcoxon signed-rank test |
| Do three or more groups differ? | One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc | Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn post hoc |
| Do two factors and their interaction matter? (fertilizer × water) | Two-way ANOVA | Run Kruskal–Wallis for each factor separately |
| Are two category variables related? (area and opinion) | Chi-square test of independence | |
| Do two scores move together? | Pearson correlation | Treat with caution; report Pearson with the normality check |
| Which factors predict an outcome? | Multiple regression | PLS-SEM (does not assume normality) |
| Does X affect Y through M, or does Z change the effect? | PLS-SEM with mediation and moderation | |
| Firm-year or country-year data? | Secondary Data: panel regression with Hausman test | |
| Interviews or open answers? | Qualitative: codes, themes and quotes | |
All of these are in Data Analysis → Other tests, except panel data (Secondary Data) and interviews (Qualitative). Each gives an APA table, a chart and a draft sentence you can check and rewrite in your own words.
Starting with the literature review? Top Cited Papers finds the 50 most-cited papers of the last five years on your topic, in any department.
Read the step-by-step guide, or open the tool and try an example dataset.
Knowledge is that which liberates.